New Delhi: The Indian Parliament’s passage of the Waqf Amendment Bill 2025 has ignited an intense debate across the country, with supporters and critics deeply divided over its implications. The legislation, now signed into law by President Droupadi Murmu, aims to reform Waqf institutions but has raised concerns about marginalization of the Muslim community.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi described the bill, branded as UMEED or “hope,” as a significant moment, aligning it with previous decisions like the revocation of Article 370 and the Citizenship Amendment Act. Proponents see the Act as a step towards transparency and modernization, while critics argue it undermines Muslim community rights.

The Act introduces sweeping reforms, including the abolition of the Doctrine of Waqf by User, repeal of Section 40, tribunal overhaul, mandatory digital registration, and inclusion of non-Muslims on Waqf Boards. Critics fear these changes could lead to state intrusion into religious affairs and increased political interference in land disputes.

Constitutional experts anticipate that the Act will face judicial scrutiny, particularly concerning its compatibility with Articles 25 and 26 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantee freedom of religion. The inclusion of non-Muslims on Waqf Boards is seen as a potential violation of religious autonomy.

The Act’s timing, coinciding with other contentious policies under Modi’s government, adds to the anxiety among Indian Muslims about their future. While some acknowledge the need for reform, they argue it should come from within the community rather than being imposed externally.

As the debate continues, the Waqf Amendment Act 2025 remains a focal point of discussion on governance reform and identity politics in India. Its socio-political impact is expected to be long-lasting, regardless of the legal outcomes in the Supreme Court.