Islamabad: New findings from the ASER Pakistan 2025 dataset reveal significant infrastructure disparities between government and private schools, with one in three government schools still operating without electricity. According to Gilani Research Foundation, these gaps extend beyond electricity to include sanitation, learning resources, and digital access, underscoring persistent inequalities in Pakistan’s education system.

The analysis, part of Gallup Pakistan’s Big Data series initiated by Executive Director Bilal I. Gilani, highlights that private schools are consistently better equipped with essential facilities. While 83.6% of private schools have electricity, only 66.7% of government schools report the same, impacting not only basic operations but also the integration of technology in classrooms. Private schools also lead in providing boundary walls, playgrounds, and clean drinking water, further illustrating the divide in learning environments.

Sanitation facilities are notably lacking in government schools, with only 66.4% having student toilets compared to 79.5% in private institutions. This shortfall is particularly concerning for female students, as the absence of gender-segregated facilities is linked to lower attendance rates. Additionally, the availability of computer and science labs remains limited, especially in government schools, affecting students’ exposure to practical and digital learning opportunities.

Teacher support facilities also reflect these institutional gaps, with private schools offering better provisions such as day care and first aid services. The limited digital access in government schools, with only 11% having classroom-level internet, further highlights the need for comprehensive infrastructure improvements to enhance educational outcomes nationwide.